Elections constitute the ultimate ground of struggle between competing political actors. The design of electoral systems, for its part, is as important as the elections themselves. In other words the rules of the game are as important as the game itself. This book on decision-making in post- 1945 Turkish political history with a particular focus on electoral systems, contributes to the academic debate between Rational Choice Institutionalism and Historical Institutionalism over the determinants of institutional design. The main question of the book is ‘what explains the electoral system choices in multi-party Turkey?’. Readers are welcome to look inside for the answer.